A Synopsis of the Movie Farewell My Concubine

Shuo Zhang Writing 1 05/6/2011 another look on homosexuality-investigation of Farewell My Concubine Although homosexuality exists in social reality, the absence of its own â€Å"truthful† portrayal as far as books or movies makes various misconceptions that forestall the advancement of a positive gay reasonableness in Chinese culture. Along these lines, the most great and disputable piece of the film Farewell My Concubine (Kaige Chen, 1993) is its push to end the language-less quietness looking for a proper voice to communicate gay experience and anxiety.By demonstrating Dieyi Cheng's excruciating life against the authentic background of outrageous disturbance in China (from 1924 to 1977), the film studies the homophobic marvel in customary Chinese culture, and request the foundation and advancement of an increasingly liberal society. Dieyi’s heartbreaking life starts with his assignment to play Dan’sroles due to his sensitive appearance. From the outset, this th ought firmly irritates him. At the point when the celebrated showy specialist, Nakun, visited the troupe, Dieyi was brought to discuss his bravura job; however as opposed to stating the right line â€Å"I am normally a young lady, not a boy†, he demanded in saying ‘I am commonly a kid.. (17:57). With the eventual fate of the troupe in danger, such an error was not middle of the road in the profoundly standard customary Peking Opera, Xiaolou curved a tobacco pipe in Dieyi’s mouth until Dieyi whimpered the right lines with his mouth loaded with blood. Dieyi attempted to escape from the drama house with another understudy Laizi, however returned subsequent to seeing an exhibition by a show ace that dazzled and made them two long for the life of show stars. After their arrival, Xiaolou was severely thumped for permitting their departure, and seeing this scene, Laizi hanged himself in order to be liberated from the agony of punishment.This deplorable experience constr ained Dieyi to acknowledge his female job, and made him accommodating to the director. To turn into an expert Dan, Dieyi probably experienced profoundly serious preparing process. In spite of the fact that the film forgets about this part, we can envision that he was educated to talk and act like ladies even in his every day life. As per Min Tian’s article â€Å"Male Dan: the Paradox of Sex, Acting, and Perception of Female Impersonation in Traditional Chinese Theatre†, â€Å"identification, given the severe stylization and codification in raditional Beijing Opera, is one of the foundations of execution and it is focused much more in the specialty of female pantomime correctly in light of the ‘prescribed need of dissolving the dissimilarity between the entertainer and his female role’†. (Tian, 84) Hence, it is important for Dieyi to continually envision himself as a lady in order to arrive at the standard of execution and be acknowledged by the cutt ing crowd. Dieyi prevailing with regards to assuming the job Concubine Yu in his introduction execution. He was so delicate and appealing in front of an audience that Eunuch Zhang got insane for him and furtively assaulted him afterwards.In return for Dieyi’s penance, Eunuch Zhang made the drama house the most famous one in Beijing, and Dieyi, the most encouraging â€Å"actress† among his companions. In any case, Dieyi was squashed after this tiresome experience, as appeared in the film: he stayed quiet for quite a long time, concealed from his individual disciples, and even entertained himself more into his dream, into his job of Concubine Yu: In a presentation, the Japanese troop broke into the theater and began to loot the crowd. The mix turned into a gigantic mob when a lady was shot to death with the goal that the entertainers and laborers quit performing and retaliated against the soldiers.Only Dieyi stayed in front of an audience, kept singing and moving, as tho ugh the shot, the battle, the approaching enemy of Japanese war were not his issue to worry about. This shows Dieyi's finished commitment and spotlight in front of an audience and inside his built dream as Concubine Yu. Likewise, it is from this episode that Dieyi’s sexual direction became strayed from the â€Å"norm†, that he depended increasingly more on Xiaolou, his strong companion, who played the King as Dieyi’s partner, in light of the fact that Xiaolou consistently ensured Dieyi when he experienced out of line treatment.To investigate Dieyi’s mental improvement of homosexuality, we may allude to Metzger, Sean’s exposition â€Å"Farewell My Fantasy†, which offers a savvy understanding as far as Freud’s mental examination. Sean recommends that Dieyi’s youth experience is near â€Å"Freud’s direction of the female beating fantasy†(Sean, 233) and a few scenes in the film are especially joined to this hypothesis is that Xiaolou was savagely beaten subsequent to aiding Dieyi cheat with a painful preparing process.Xiaolou was about pounded the life out of, yet stayed grinning to Dieyi till the end so as to alleviation Dieyi’s frenzy and blame, which caused Dieyi to feel, subliminally, similar to a female secured by a male, Xiaolou. They were getting the hang of, performing and spending time with one another consistently. Xiaolou kidded that on the off chance that one day he turns into the King of the world, he would make Dieyi the sovereign, much the same as the tale of Farewell, My Concubine. Dieyi, in any case, paid attention to that as he reliably accepted that he was unable to live without Xiaolou.The exceptionally standard guidelines for Dan’s execution and the unpleasant youth encounters all add to Dieyi’s advancement of homosexuality. He turned out to be so infatuated with Xiaolou, that after hearing the updates on Xiaolou’s marriage with Juxian, a delightf ul whore, he shouted to Xiaolou in a trembling voice: ‘I need to remain along with you perpetually, not 60 minutes, a moment or a second less. ’(50:11) obviously, Dieyi’ s wish would never be satisfied on the grounds that Xiaolou is anything but a gay; besides, Xiaolou wanders away from Dieyi most likely because of his dread of Dieyi’s strange conduct which could endanger his relationship with Juxian.Being Dieyi’s just companion, Xiaolou’s distance left Dieyi with only torment. Despite the fact that he delighted in huge acclaim and fortune as the best Dan in Beijing, he alleviated his depression and anguish by smoking opium. To Dieyi, opium had the enchantment impact of catching him in his dreams, where he is the genuine Concubine Yu, and the King never left him. For most piece of the film, Dieyi stayed in female ensemble and mistress cosmetics, in light of the fact that the transvestite phase of Peking drama offers a spot, a creative extensi veness, where he could speak to and disguise his authentic sensibility.However the more he did as such, the more he floated separated from the real world, and the more he endured. He made some difficult memories surrendering opium, since it expended a lot of his vitality and mindset that he dropped during a presentation. Secured a room, he really wanted to crush all the stuff, weeping for help and reviling the world. Next tails one of the most deplorable scene in the film: among a wreck of broken glass and tore garments, Dieyi inclines toward Juxian’s lap, pale and delicate, mumbling that he misses his mother.Juxian, with her eyes brimming with tears, replied: â€Å"Mom is here, don’t be afraid†(90:37). Indeed, even Juxian, Dieyi’s rival in adoration, can comprehend his agony and vulnerability as of now. She professed to be his mom, giving him brief love and backing so as to assist him with beating the extraordinary trouble. Furthermore, because of his fo rlornness, Dieyi likewise built up a relationship with Patron Yuan, an official, a rich admirer, and an insane theatergoer, not due to adore, but since of the nonappearance of Xiaolou. Yuan energized, and even entertained himself with the antasy of Farewell My Concubine with Dieyi: he purchased wonderful enhancements and outfits for Dieyi, saying that they would make his Concubine Yu increasingly exciting; he dressed like the King, sang and hit the dance floor with Dieyi in his sumptuous yard, choosing to disregard the disordered world outside. Dieyi was so confined from the world that he even performed for Japanese intruders during the counter Japanese war, honestly imagining that they would acknowledge and even spread Peking Opera in their nation; rather, he was tormented and detained for his conspiracy by the Chinese government toward the finish of the war.His bombed relationship with Yuan even influenced him during the Cultural Revolution, in light of the fact that having any co nnection with a senior official from the Qing Dynasty, the foe of socialism, was viewed as imposing wrongdoing around then; and, being a gay, which was viewed as an embarrassment in conventional Chinese culture, further irritated his allegation. Thus, Dieyi was rebuffed and mortified before the general population in his most delightful ensemble of Concubine Yu.Dieyi’s disastrous encounters must have something to do with his gay character, as Benzi Zhang sees in â€Å"Figures of Violence and Tropes of Homophobia, Reading Farewell My Concubine among East and West†: â€Å"although the commanding forces were continually moving in China from 1924 to 1977, the talk of authoritative heterosexuality and man centric society has never been changed or tested. Like the casualties of assault, gay men meet the most noticeably terrible foul play and brutality during that alarming time of history†(104).Refusing to be settled in either the classification of heterosexuality or ma n centric society, Dieyi is a â€Å"nomad† with wrong personality; he dangers and difficulties the hetero social worth, and in this way turns into the foe of the entire primitive society. Hence, Dieyi’s dejection can be deciphered as being underestimated by the standard society, and his helplessness to viciousness can be viewed as a general trademark among the gay minority. To additionally decipher this film, we have to dissect the Beijing Opera Farewell, My Concubine, which commanded the expert

Philosophies of Education Essay Example for Free

Ways of thinking of Education Essay There are various hypotheses that administer the technique of learning among understudies today. Likely, as a result of the advanced culture learning, the said speculations are presently changed towards the chance of supporting the cutting edge needs and requests of the understudies today. Such speculations incorporate the methods of reasoning of optimism, authenticity, neo-thomism, experimentalism and existentialism. Every way of thinking tends to various parts of an individual’s learning and furthermore presents various methods of moving toward the subject of training. Idealism The reasoning of optimism focuses on the conviction that thoughts are the sole truth and the main genuine articles that merit knowing. Everything that is in this world are negligible shadows and twisted pictures of an increasingly certified, an all the more genuine world. There is a universe of thoughts on which this world is based and it is just that world which merits knowing. Defenders of this way of thinking center around the brain and scholarly instruments of understudies. The universe of thoughts, in the instructive setting, turns into the universe of the psyche. This implies an accentuation on fields managing images and thoughts, for example, history, writing, workmanship, and so forth. Authenticity The way of thinking of authenticity embraces the conviction not in a universe of thoughts but instead in a universe of things and creatures. Truth, for the pragmatist, is found in perceptible realities. This implies the pragmatist trusts on the planet from our perspective. The quality of the laws of nature are underlined. The pragmatist understudy depends on their faculties. Learning is along these lines outfitted towards fields like math, science, material science, science, and so forth. Neo-Thomism Neo-thomism accepts that the truth is the well known fact of God. The truth is something that is everlasting and perpetual to the neo-thomist. Reality, or well known fact, is just uncovered through heavenly content, for example, the Scriptures or through disclosures of a celestial sort. In spite of the fact that it is just through these two instruments that reality can be scholarly, neo-thomists declare that reality is constantly upheld by human explanation. Experimentalism has confidence in a consistently evolving world. Reality, for experimentalists, is the thing that an individual encounters at each exact second. Experimentalists find reality through testing and collective choices. An experimentalist understudy would along these lines be seen as a person who can encounter various things and coming into contact with others who either include, sit idle, or cheapen the said encounters. Accentuation is set on fields, for example, human science, political theory, brain research, and other such socially determined fields just as fields that manage critical thinking. Existentialism Lastly, existentialism is examined. This way of thinking, starting from any semblance of Sartre and Kierkegaard, trusts in one’s own understanding of everything that is around the person in question. An individual can set for oneself a standard for the real world and truth. Additionally, in light of the fact that the individual has this opportunity, the person likewise has the duty over their choices and activities. The truth is, for the genuine existentialist, emotional. There is nobody truth since everybody has their own rendition of certainties and real factors. Existentiallist understudies are allowed to realize what they need. Conversation isn't organized in an existentialist school. Instructive Implications of different Philosophies of Education It is obvious that a significant number of the ways of thinking of training have had shifting effects and suggestions on instruction all in all. A portion of the numerous speculations that have done so incorporate existentialism, behaviorism, perennialism, essentialism, and reproduction. Existentialsim Existentialism has faith in a relative existence where each individual is allowed to make their own principles of truth and reality. In view of the spread of this conviction, instruction has extended. Educational programs are not, at this point dependent on the logical strategy, in images, or in the expressions of a couple of critical people ever. Or maybe, learning has likewise become about discourse between the understudy and the educator. It is not, at this point uncommon to discover instructors accepting that they also have taken in something from their understudies. This advancement is established in the standards of existentialism. Instructors can see that understudies are not only void vessels holding back to be loaded up with information. Or maybe, they are likewise equipped for setting their own forms of the real world and of making their own facts. This is the reason there are currently numerous study halls empowering talk and free articulation. Behaviorism The way of thinking of behaviorism underscores an individual’s nature to be molded, at an early age, to act specifically ways. Understudies are seen through the systems of upgrade reaction. Behaviorism is behind the instructive system’s drive of educating through displaying and of educating through an exacting usage of calendars. Rules and guidelines in training just as disciplines that originate from not tailing them depend on boost reaction systems. The most mainstream sway behaviorism has had on training is the utilization of evaluations as a type of remuneration for the individuals who accomplish well in school. Perennialism, as an instructive way of thinking, embraces an exacting and firm type of training. It is the way of thinking of perennialism that upheld the significance of sound reasoning and thinking. The structure of instruction, today, depends on the inflexibility and conservatism of perennialism. Training of the learner’s conduct so as to accomplish reason is a typical practice in today’s instruction and depends on perennialist structure. Instructing through organized exercises, controlled instructor drove conversations and class drills are additionally a couple of instances of the substantial effects perennialism has had on training. Essentialism Essentialists accept that there are sure explicit aptitudes that an individual must pick up so as to have an objective life. The effect of essentialism is clear in today’s instructive educational programs. There are set subjects for understudies to learn and fundamental points that are accepted to be basic in reasonable living. The essentials of perusing, composing and math, for instance, are never kept separate from learning. The accentuation training has had on such crucial ideas are every one of the a consequence of the lessons of the essentialists. Recreation Finally, training has likewise been affected by the way of thinking of reproduction. This way of thinking spins on the idea of consistent change. The world is continually changing and people need to continually change so as to keep up. The best effect it has had on instruction is the manner in which instructors have taken care of different parts of the field. Insight, for instance, is currently concentrated through a multi-dimensional eyepiece. There are presently elective learning strategies produced for the motivations behind students that fall outside the standard. There is more opportunity to change instructive ruses on account of the ideas embraced by remaking.

Illinoisnet Super Fast Internet

Illinoisnet Super Fast Internet When you come to Illinois, youll find that fast internet access is always readily available. In the residence halls, lecture halls, dining halls, and pretty much any other university building, there is a Wifi network called Illinoisnet. Using your NetID credentials, youll be able to sign in on each of your devices and start using it right away. Through each of my semesters, I have been very pleased with the networks performance. It is always fast and easily accessible. Whenever I have to video chat, do homework, or even just watch some Netflix, Illinoisnet never fails me. To be honest, Illinoisnet is so fast that it has changed what I consider to be fast whenever I use other internet connections. In college, you will find it important to have a fast internet connection. You will be doing your fair share of bandwidth-intensive homework and projects online. In our modern era, it is hard to imagine how college would work without the element of online learning and communicating. It is good thing to know that Illinoisnet will never let you down. Jacob Class of 2019 I’m an Advertising student within the College of Media. My hometown is a place called Fairmount, Illinois, which is about 30 minutes from campus. I began my Illinois journey in the Division of General Studies.

Essay on Gay Marriage in Australia

Abstract This is an article supporting same sex marriage in Australia. The paper will also focus on power relations and gender performances. Marriage equality is top on the list as one of the vital issues in Australia now. The paper will therefore focus on the views about same sex marriage in Australia and potential measures that has been taken in attempt to support gay marriage. On the other hand, the empowerment as seen in different genders in relation to their performances will be analyzed in details. For instance, one of the key issues will be on how women’s economic empowerment offers them a better opportunity to exploit the other partner regardless of them having same sex. Introduction Same sex marriage is a recognized marriage between two individuals of the same sex. Same sex marriage, commonly known as gay marriage, is prohibited in Australia. The laws governing marriage in Australia recognizes the marriage between a man and a woman, which is not a good idea. In the same breadth, the laws are very categorical that any couples of the same sex moving in Australia are not recognized as married (Edward, 2008, p 113). In the past, many bills have come on surface in an attempt to approve same sex marriages without success. In the wake of many nations allowing same sex marriages, the government of Australia has adamantly refused to support this idea. In the recent statistics carried out in Australia, 60% of the total population support legalization of same sex marriages, compared to 40% of the total population who do not support the same. In the same study, majority of those supporting the same are Catholics, with only handfuls who are Protestants (Hull, 2006, p 23). There are however many reasons why same sex marriages should be given a chance as there are nothing wrong with them. Power relations and gender performances have become a cause for disagreement in same sex marriages. The sharing of responsibilities in a gay marriage is becoming extremely difficult. In Australian society, studies indicates that, while there were so many cases of couples separating in a normal marriage setting, there has been few cases in the number of separation of same sex marriages. The root cause has been established as misunderstanding in sharing of power, which is mostly affecting the normal marriages. Discussion To begin with, studies that have been carried out in Australia on same sex marriages indicate that, being gay is a choice, which is supported by many citizens saying that it should be respected. Although many factors have been mentioned as the causative agents of gay marriages, they are yet to be proved. Some of the well-known factors include family background, peer pressure, the sexual nature of a person, sexual experiences both voluntary and involuntary, and influence more so by technology and lastly an individual’s choice (Merin, 2002, p 212). The above-mentioned factors should not count anywhere in making of a decision whether to be gay or not. The notion that has been there that same sex marriages, are putting the future generation at risk should not be taken seriously. This new trend should be given rights just like any other group out there. Considering the fact that, there is nothing wrong with gay marriage; organizations are being established to fight for the rights of the gay people. This has proven to offer strict opposition to the government. This is in form of introduction of bills for marriage equality to the Senate (Hull, 2006, p 169). This has proved very difficult, owing to the fact that, the bill does not receive the required number of legislators to warrant it to be effected. However, although the government has refused to pass these bills, gay community continues to receive more support from some of the churches in Australia. As a result, more teenagers have embraced same sex marriages and they are practicing it. They too have seen nothing wrong with it. In a recent study sponsored by the Australian authority in the year 2010, it was found out that, the development of technology has greatly contributed to the rise in same sex marriages. This is because websites for gay people have been established (McDonald, 1999, p 175). These sites have made it easier for gay people to interact and start relationships. This has come as good news to the gay community as more people have joined them. Technology has proved to act in the favor of gay marriages in Australia and this is making it easy for them to gain popularity and more followers, thanks to technology. In the wake of gay marriages, power relations, and gender performances has equally risen up. Although this has become the cause of disagreement in these marriages, gay people are able to sort out their problems. For a normal couple, the husband is known to be the head thus signifying that he has more power than the wife does. As for gay relationships, it is easy to establish who the husband is and who the wife is. However, they organize themselves in such a way that there is one who exhibits manly duties thus making them the head (Merin, 2002, p 312). This makes them in charge or to have more powers than the other. Although this is the case, some couples decide that no one is more superior to the other. The fact that they are of the same gender justifies that. The issue of gender performance has moved from bad to worse with an increase of many couples moving to marriage experts in Australia to seek help. What has shocked many in Australia is that, while it might appear strange, gay marriages acknowledge the aspect of husband and wife. Because of this, they too follow the same trend whereby they each take respective roles. For example if the couple comprises of women, the woman who takes the manly role has to do everything like a man. This is also evident if the couple comprises of two men. The performance of the marriage as a unit in the Australian society has greatly improved as gay marriages are improving daily more than normal marriages (Edward, 2008, p 133). As a result, many people in Australian have over time changed their perception about gay marriages. Since 2004, the marriage act in Australia has had it that, marriage is only between a man and a woman, I completely disagree with that. According to the Australian law, same sex marriages are not recognized (Edward, 2008, p 147). Although there is a disposition that gay marriages are a threat to continuity of life, it should not be taken seriously. The gay marriages have not only played a role in strengthening marriage set up but they have also improved it. This among many other reasons is should be taken into consideration and serve as a wake up call for the government in Australia to allow gay marriages. Something worthy noting is that, while the laws in Australia do not support same sex marriage, there are those who strongly feel that, same sex marriage should be given a chance to blossom in Australia. In support of this, a bill was presented in the Senate in the year 2006. Its aim was to reverse the marriage amendment bill in 2004 (Newton, 2009, p 202). It would have provided equal status, treatment, and recognition for all the gay couples. They would no longer be discriminated against once it was passed. Unfortunately, it was stalled or rather put on hold. Currently it is on parliament’s bill lists. Same sexes as well as heterosexual couples were not recognized. Australia has definitely remained concrete on its war on same sex marriages (Edward, 2008, p 444). Due to this, the gay community in Australia has not only been excommunicated from the society but also remained underground to avoid being apprehended by the authority. As if not ready to give up, a similar bill pushing for recognition of gay marriages in Australia re-surfaced in 2008. This was a back up of the previous one. Unfortunately, it suffered the same fate as that of 2006. After sometime, another bill called the Marriage Equality Amendment Bill was introduced in 2009. It vied for marriage rights for same sex couples. It would remove all discriminatory references based on sexuality and gender identity. This would allow marriages regardless of sex, gender, and sexuality. The report for this was negative and this led to demonstrations. Though mass demonstrations were held, the Senate rejected the bill. The rift between those supporting gay marriage and those against it has been there for quite sometime now. Since 1961, the fight for and against gay marriages has never ended. Up to now, it is continuing showing that it is not an issue to be undermined. Bills have been introduced but have not yet passed the second stage yet in parliament. They are still on Australian parliament’s current bill lists. With the number of gay marriages supporters, the Australian government has received a big challenge (McDonald, 1999, p 267). It is being pushed from all ends. In a recent study, statistics show that a good number of citizens are in support of gay marriages. The number has grown steadily. The gay people are about to have their dream come true which is to be recognized by the government. They want their marriages to be treated equally as the other ordinary marriage between a man and woman. The power then lies on the Australian government whether it is going to allow it or not. As pressure continue amounting on the Australian government to legalize gay marriages, effects for this continues to be seen. The gay community has in the past-organized protests fighting for their rights as human beings besides demands to be recognized. They were right to push for their rights, as other people in the society did not approve of them and their actions (Newton, 2009, p 278). Their gay nature to the others was something immoral and so the fact that they were ordinary people but with different sexual desires was overlooked. They were treated harshly. This gave them an opportunity to go forth and fight for their rights as well as vying for recognition of their gay nature by the government mostly. A protest that comprised eight thousand gay people was held an indication that they were out to fight for their rights. Conclusion For the simple fact that same sex marriages have been legalized in many countries of the world, gay people in Australia have a feeling that they also should be allowed to do so. For this reason, it has however not been a smooth sailing for the Australian government in its quest to ban same sex marriages (Hull, 2006, p 203). Civil unions have been established strongly backing this issue of same sex marriages. They proved to be somewhat advantaged as same sex couples were being financially discriminated against in 2007. This was a strong accusation against the Australian government. However, this was overlooked because with power, one can do anything and that is what happened. Since the government had power, it did not consider this as it would mean defeat. The issue of power and gender performance is not ending any time soon in gay marriages. As each party continues pulling towards his/her direction, it remains to be seen how the Australian government will solve this menace. With gay marriages becoming socially acceptable in many nations, organizations supporting same sex marriages continue to put pressure on the Australian government to allow them. It is only time which will tell how whether the gay fraternity have any future in Australia or not. Bibliography: Edward, P. 2008. Conflict of laws in Australia London: Butterworths publishers, 3-808 Hull, K. 2006. Same-sex marriage: the cultural politics of love and law Cambridge:   Cambridge University Press, 4-277 McDonald, P. 1999. Marriage in Australia: age at first marriage and proportions marrying,   1860-1971 Dept. of Demography, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   National University, 2-311 Merin, Y. 2002. Equality for same-sex couples: the legal recognition of gay partnerships in Australia and the United States Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2-397 Newton, D. 2009. Gay and lesbian rights: a reference handbook Contemporary world issues (2) New York: ABC-CLIO publishers, 3-301

The 11 Longest-Lived Animals

Key to happiness Free Essays

string(101) " instilled in the minds of the young ones will be the same as the values kept by their predecessors\." The term toxic is defined as the â€Å"suffering from exposure to poisonous substances†. We sometimes refer to ourselves as toxic when we need to get so many things done. Productivity, if not controlled, or if forced to increase, can be harmful and therefore, toxic. We will write a custom essay sample on Key to happiness or any similar topic only for you Order Now While it is the blood that runs through the vines of workers and employees, it could become the poison that would kill the system if it goes out of hand. The workers do not notice that in the long run they will lose all their energy and productivity would decline along with their will to work. Everybody seems to have a task to accomplish even during weekends. When it rains, it pours. This is not only applicable to problems in life, but to the tasks in school or in the workplace as well. We are compelled to accomplish so much in so little time that we neglect out health and our relationships in life. Sometimes, we think accomplishing more work in shorter time period would make us more productive, but in reality, it just makes us tired with no energy left for the coming tasks. The whole American society has become a walking and talking group of people who live and breathe work and productivity because as others think, working more brings in more money which spells happiness. On the contrary, though, this addiction to work could be attributed to the fact that this society promotes achievement and perfection. In an environment where people thrive on stress, it is but normal to see employees who still work even on vacation. Their jobs have become their lives and they cannot seem to have the ability to detach themselves from it even just for a while. Many professionals today think that they have to achieve superhuman productivity in order to be worthy in the workplace. They are often tormented by guilt and anxiety to deliver their best in their jobs.   It seems that their happiness lie in the work that they bury their heads into. The relation that exists between the mind and the body is very intimate. When one is affected, the other sympathizes. The condition of the mind affects the health to a far greater degree than many realize. Many of the diseases from which men suffer are the result of mental depression. Grief, anxiety, discontent, remorse, guilt, distrust, all tend to break down the life forces, and to invite decay and death. Disease is sometimes produced, and is often greatly aggravated, by the imagination. Many are lifelong invalids who might be well if they only thought so. Many imagine that very slight exposure will cause illness, and the evil disease, the cause of which is wholly imaginary. Courage, hope, faith, sympathy, love, promote health and prolong life. A contended mind, a cheerful spirit, is health to the body and strength to the soul. â€Å"A merry [rejoicing] heart doeth good like a medicine.† In the treatment of the sick, the effect of mental influence should not be overlooked. Rightly used, this influence affords one of the most effective agencies for combating disease. I tend to disagree that people need to lessen their desires just so they can achieve happiness. In Joe Robinson’s Blackberry’s Don’t Fit in Bikinis, he discussed how the American society is fast becoming a society struck with Obsessive-Compulsive Productivity or OCP. The article talked about how vacation or other leisure activities could actually increase productivity. The article gave emphasis on the fact that people need to rest and recharge in order to increase productivity. It is necessary for the human mind to rest to be able to have the ability to think and work again. There is the continuous wanting for more. Perhaps it is this kind of obsession that I am against. Robinson put it best when he used the term Obsessive-Compulsive Productivity to describe what is wrong with most American workers in the present time. This is the fixation to put out results althroughout the workday. It can also be considered an addiction as the people with this are usually workaholics. They are obsessed with accomplishing their tasks and work endlessly to deliver what is expected from them. They usually aim high and expect a lot from themselves and from others. â€Å"Nearly 40% of Americans work more than 50 hours a week (Robinson Undated).† This is not surprising since it is a known fact that the nation has an insistent work ethic. What is alarming is that they work even on vacation and cannot really give themselves the break that they need and deserve. They rarely disconnect from work and they even bring their tasks in the comfort of their own homes. Naturally, they do not get much sleep and lack the rest and recreation that they badly need. Happiness must not be equated with just the work that they do but with people and relationships. In a way, this could be attributed to the high-maintenance lifestyle of the Americans. They need to earn more in order to maintain the lifestyle that they have. Thus, they feel like they have to earn much to provide for their families. They tend to prioritize their careers over their families, which destroys the very essence of keeping a family.  Some are just plain overachievers. They set high expectations and goals for themselves and they work very hard to make sure that their outputs meet the objectives that they set. The problem with this kind of employees is that they get frustrated easily when they do not reach their goals or when their co-employees fail to meet their expectations. The American society should be alarmed because if this behavior continues until the following years, most of the employees will be victims of burnouts, they will not be able to perform well, thus productivity will eventually decrease and will result into low turnout of outputs in the workplace. The values that are being instilled in the minds of the young ones will be the same as the values kept by their predecessors. You read "Key to happiness" in category "Essay examples" Americans place a high value on their competence and ability to do the tasks given to them. Their self-worth largely depends on what they are capable to do more than what they are made of. This will be passed on to the next generation and a new generation of workaholics in the society will be created. Americans do not realize that the quality of life is sacrificed because of these misconceptions about work and productivity. When one’s life revolves around his career, his relationships suffer. He does not have much time even for himself, how much more for other people? This is dangerous because in time the nation will become a nation obsessed with accomplishments and work productivity, not valuing what truly matters in this life like family and friends. In fact, the personal well-being is at stake because not only do these employees tend to sacrifice their families, they disregard their health as well. â€Å"A study last year by the University of Massachusetts Medical School found that chronic 12-hour workdays increase your risk of illness or injury by 37%. Work without time to think, analyze or recharge feeds knee-jerk performance and the hurry-worry of stress. Everything appears urgent when there isn’t time to judge what is truly urgent and what isn’t (Robinson undated).† Robinson emphasizes the importance of taking a vacation and really enjoying it. Every faithful employee must have the chance to detach themselves from their offices at least at a regular given time period. They should be able to stop and smell the flowers and then get back to work. They will not necessarily slack off but just a slow down a little. Some cannot detach themselves from their work that even on vacation, they always put their work first. A vacation would provide the mind to rest for a while and prepare it for the challenges ahead. It will slow down the processing and give the mind and the body the opportunity to re-energize and prepare for the coming tasks. Studies also showed that the performance in the workplace drastically improves after a vacation. The H Group, an investment services company in Salem, Oregon, doubled the income after the owner, Ron Kelemen increases the time off of the employees to three and a half weeks (Robinson 2006).   Another example is Jancoa, a Cincinnati cleaning company. When they changed to a three-week vacation policy, the productivity of their workers flew high enough to cut overtime and the profits increased to fifteen percent (Robinson 2006).  This just proves and shows that continuous productivity is not the answer to job competence and efficiency. It is wise to sit back for a while and do no work than to continuously work, produce mediocre outputs and get tired in the process. If not properly monitored, this might go on and on and will be passed to the next generation of employees who will also be obsessed with productivity. It looks like the trend is most likely to continue in the future because at the rate we are going, we will not just going to be a society, but a nation of workaholics. We should really learn to stop and smell the flowers, we should learn to rest for a while and enjoy a vacation. Obsessive-compulsive productivity is likely to continue in the future because there are no indications that the society is going to change soon. The technological innovations aggravate the situation. The more gadgets are produced to make work easier for humans, the more they will be addicted to productivity. These technological gadgets have a deep effect on the values of American employees. We firmly believe that because these equipment exists, we need to get more work done in the least possible time. What we do not know that these innovations were developed for us to finish our work faster and have more time for rest and recreation. All work and no play make John a doll boy. This is especially true for the students in the university and the corporate people in the business district. We need to let ourselves rest for a while, then wake up to get back to work. Because if we just go through, we might not have enough energy left after a couple of years. Contrary to what other people think that they should work and work and work to get there, it is better if they should work and rest to go back again, or work and rest in the weekend, and then go back to work. Dr. Steven E. Hyman is Director of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the component of the National Institutes of Health charged with generating the knowledge needed to understand, treat and prevent mental illness. He continues to direct an active research program in molecular neurobiology focused on how neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and glutamate, alter the expression of genes in the striatum producing long-term changes in neural function that can influence behavior. Hillary Clinton was a former First Lady who was elected to the United States Senate and the first woman elected stateswide in New York. Given this background, we can say that all these authors are experts in their own fields of expertise. They are biased about their topics because they had been exposed to that all their lives. They have conducted the results of studies similar to these for many years. That accounts for their respective biases. One need not lessen one’s wants because this will also create uneasiness. |One just have to be happy with what he has and then strive and plan for the best. Sometimes, this inclination for more is a mental disease. I am inclined to support the theory that mental illness is indeed a disease and is treatable. This could be called the â€Å"organic† theory which supports the biochemical causation of mental disease. This holds that what we call the mind is the interplay of the nerve cells of the body. Therefore, the mind, at the very least, is indirectly subject to the ordinary physical and chemical laws that govern those cells. I believe that even if a mental disorder arises from an outside stress, it is the neurons that respond to the stress either well or poorly, and the varying ability to respond to the stress healthfully must have its basis in a biochemical difference. Favoring the organic theory is the fact that some forms of mental disease have indeed been found to have a biochemical basis. Sad and dissatisfied for now, but we need not be in the future. People just need to me more aware and appreciative of the little things. Simple acts of love, safe arrivals, peaceful exchanges between neighboring countries and people helping each other are noteworthy events. We feed our minds either bleak or beautiful and happy imagery. Why not inspire ourselves and choose to be happy no matter what happens. Wanting to be happy and more loving on a sustained basis directs us to seek peaceful roads less traveled. REFERENCES Bobgan, M and Bobgan, D. 1987. Mental Illness is Not a Disease. Mental Illness.  Greenhaven Press. Key to Happiness. http://www.heraldsun.com.au/?nk=43975a015ad5196135913d0f574b7afc-1488388529 Robinson, John. Blueberry’s Don’t Fit In Bikinis. Los Angeles Times. 2006. How to cite Key to happiness, Essay examples

Developments In Organizational Behaviour †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Developments In Organizational Behaviour? Answer: Introduction This report presents the different theories of organizational behavior that may apply in an organizational setting. It also discusses the potential organizational problem and the corrective measures which are taken by management to solve it. It also defines the findings on current developments in organizational behavior. This report also evaluates the organizational behavior theories and their application with appropriate concepts. It also determines the leadership principles and processes to explain the behavior of effective leader and follower. Organization Behaviors There are certain theories of organizational behavior which may be applied in organizational setting such as scientific management and administrative theory. Scientific management theory was developed by Fredric Taylor who has improved the different tools which are used by employees for the same job. Along with this, there were no clear guidelines are determined with respect to the employees and management (Barry, and Wilkinson, 2016). The task is completed by employees was very slow. Therefore, scientific management theories were developed to match the abilities and competencies with the output of the workers. There is no valuable standard of work is existed hence Taylor theories are considered to develop mental revolution between both management and workers. In this way, clear guidelines have been made to enhance the production efficiency. There is four principles related to management is used for organizational setting. The organization must build the scientific solution for each element of the people. Further, it must scientifically choose, train, teach and create the worker. Moreover, the organization must coordinate the worker so as to make sure that entire work has to be done as per the scientific principle (Christina, et al., 2014). The organization also uses organizational behavior theory to divide the work and tasks between workers and management in an equal manner. It is argued that administrative theory is used for organizational setting. This theory defines the efforts and universal functions that manager performs and principles which provide the good management practices. Along with this, the organization considers the five management function of managers for organization setting. These functions are planning, organizing, co-coordinating, directing and controlling. It is analyzed that these management practices have sometimes distinct with certain areas such as finance, accounting, distribution, and production. Along with this, the organization uses 14 principles of management for a successful run the business. These principles are a division of labor, authority, discipline, the unity of command, the unity of direction, and remuneration (Chumg, et al., 2016). Another is the individual interest of subordinates, centralization, order, equity, and scalar chain. It also includes the stability, initiatives and esprit de corps. According to the Coccia, 2014), there are certain potential organizational issues exists within the company but organization formulates proactive managerial intervention, with a particular sensitivity towards ethical, social and cultural concerns. These issues are mainly related to employees and team concern. It is analyzed that individual employees issues are associated with personality conflicts, personal trauma, supervisor issues, and company structure. Management should understand the causes of concern and who or what should be prevented. In case, the company has no clear idea then the solution will fall back to inadequate due to confusing interaction. For instance, a workforce in a decentralized organization should communicate with multiple supervisors in case chain of command is not communicated straightforwardly. Along with this, team problem is another organizational issue. In order to perform best, teams should be dedicated toward work because it enables them to attain the targeted goal (Greenberg, 2013).It is analyzed that if a team member has a personal conflict with each other then the team can be non-functional because they will not support to each other. These issues are originated from management interaction breakdown that creates complexities between the team and personal common goal. In such case, the team leader should offer constant feedback and increase cohesiveness. In case of team issue, the manager should address the issue and take immediate corrective measures to avoid the more severe performance collapses (j Mullins, and Christy, 2013). According to the Kitchin (2017), the modern approach to organizational behavior is based on findings of truth. It describes that why people behave in the manner they perform. The organization behavior is the complicated and delicate procedure. This approach describes that if an individual has aim to organize the organization then entire people should cooperate them and understand the business operation. It is analyzed that organization is the integration of science and people. Although, technology and science are predictable human behavior is unpredictable within the organization. According to the Luthans et al. (2015), there are different organizational behavior theories and concepts that have applied in the organization. The application of theory and concepts associated with organizational behavior can be categorized into different parts named job satisfaction, reward management, authority, personality, power, politics, and leadership. There is not any appropriate way to manage these components of the organization. However, organizational behavior research can facilitate a set of policies and concepts to follow. It is argued that personality is a series of patterned behavior which plays an effective role in the manner an individual communicate with groups and creates work. To know the personality of the team, the company conducts series of test and makes conversation to facilitate better idea for adjusting in the working environment as well as motivate to that person who really deserves it. Moreover, theories with respect to job satisfaction are widely used in the organization but some author argues that satisfying job consists of a frozen reward system, good supervisors, persuasive work, and agreeable working environment (McShane, et al., 2013). Leadership is another essential OB concept which is widely exercised in an organization. It is assessed that when a persons views are connected with management then it can be focused, broad, and centralized or decision oriented, de-centralized and intrinsic in personality. As a result, an organization can give the authority to this person. In additi on to this, power, politics, and authority are used interdependently within the organization. Hence, employees should understand the effective ways, workplace rules, and ethical guidelines to run the business successfully. According to the Miner (2015), there are different leadership principles and processes which are effective to understand the behavior of leaders and followers. There is the different principle of leadership that has implemented within the organization. The first principle defines that leaders should know themselves and looks for self-improvement. In order to understand themselves, leaders should understand the attributes. It can be accomplished by self-study, reflection, formal classes, and interacting with others. Moreover, self-improvement means frequently strengthens their attributes. It can be attained by self-study, reflection, formal classes and communicate with others. The leader should be technically proficient. As a leader, a person must understand their job and have a frozen awareness about the tasks of employees. In addition to this, the leader must seek responsibility and take different responsibility for your actions. In this way, it should search the ways to direct the organization with respect to new heights. It has a responsibility that if they thing wrong then they have no right to blame others and their followers. Hence, it should assess the condition and then take corrective measures and shift to the next tasks. Moreover, the leader should use different tools to make a prompt and sound judgment. These tools are decision making, planning and problem-solving. The leader should set the example in which leader must be a good role model for their employees. They should not only hear what they are estimated to do but also see the activities of followers (Wagner III, and Hollenbeck, 2014). The leader should understand their followers and seek for their well-being. In this way, leaders should understand the nature of human and sincerely care the workers. Along with this, the leader should inform their workers about the operation and also understand the tool of communication to interact with both employees and seniors. Leaders should build a sense of responsibility for their employees. In this case, the company should create good character trait which will help the leader to perform professional responsibilities (wind, et al., 2014).The company should also ensure that tasks are understood, supervised, and accomplished. In this way, communication is the effective way to perform this responsibility. According to the Wood, et al. (2016), there are different process is executed by leaders for performing leadership activities. In this way, leaders should find a process to improve the required issues. After that, a leader inspires the shared vision by which leader shares the vision in words that can be understood by the followers. Further, leader enables other to act. In this way, it provides certain tools and technology to resolve the issues. It is stated that when a procedure gets complex then leaders should provide the way to solve it. They should also encourage their followers while they are in pain. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that there are different theories of organizational behavior that may be applied in an organizational setting. It is also evaluated that employee and team concern is potential organization problem hence management takes different corrective action to solve these issues. It is also summarized that there are different organizational behavior concept which is applied within the organization such as personality, leadership and change management. In the last, it can be concluded that there are different leadership principle and processes are used by management to understand the behavior of leaders and their followers. References Barry, M., and Wilkinson, A. (2016) Pro?social or pro?management? A critique of the conception of employee voice as a prosocial behavior within organizational behavior,British Journal of Industrial Relations,54(2), pp. 261-284. Christina, S., Dainty, A., Daniels, K., and Waterson, P. (2014) How organizational behavior and attitudes can impact building energy use in the UK retail environment: a theoretical framework,Architectural Engineering and Design Management,10(1-2), pp. 164-179. Chumg, H. F., Seaton, J., Cooke, L., and Ding, W. Y. (2016) Factors affecting employees' knowledge-sharing behavior in the virtual organization from the perspectives of well-being and organizational behavior,Computers in Human Behavior,64, pp. 432-448. Coccia, M. (2014) Structure and organizational behavior of public research institutions under unstable growth of human resources,International Journal of Services Technology and Management,20(4-6), pp. 251-266. Greenberg, J. (2013)Organizational Behavior: The state of the science. UK: Routledge. j Mullins, L., and Christy, G. (2013)Management and Organisational Behaviour. UK: Pearson Education. Kitchin, D. (2017)An introduction to organizational behavior for managers and engineers: A group and multicultural approach. UK: Routledge. Luthans, F., Luthans, B. C., and Luthans, K. W. (2015)Organizational Behavior: An evidence-based approach. UK: IAP. McShane, S., Olekalns, M., and Travaglione, T. (2013) Organisational behavior: Emerging knowledge, global insights. Ryde.New South Wales, Australia: McGraw-Hill. Miner, J. B. (2015)Organizational Behavior 1: Essential Theories of motivation and leadership. UK: Routledge. Wagner III, J. A., and Hollenbeck, J. R. (2014)Organizational Behavior: Securing competitive advantage. UK: Routledge. Wind, Y., Thomas, R. J., and Sheth, J. N. (2014):Organizational buying behavior. USA: SAGE Publications. Wood, J. M., Zeffane, R. M., Fromholtz, M., Wiesner, R., Morrison, R., Factor, A., and Osborn, R. N. (2016)Organisational behavior: Core concepts and applications. USA: John Wiley and Sons Australia, Ltd.